![]() The first substantial cultivation of lemons in Europe began in Genoa in the middle of the 15th century. An article on Lemon and lime tree cultivation in Andalusia, Spain, is brought down in Ibn al-'Awwam's 12th-century agricultural work, Book on Agriculture. It was distributed widely throughout the Arab world and the Mediterranean region between 10. The lemon was first recorded in literature in a 10th-century Arabic treatise on farming and was also used as an ornamental plant in early Islamic gardens. They were later introduced to Persia and then to Iraq and Egypt around 700 AD. Lemons are supposed to have entered Europe near southern Italy no later than the second century AD, during the time of Ancient Rome. ![]() A genomic study of the lemon indicated it was a hybrid between bitter orange (sour orange) and citron. The origin of the lemon is unknown, though lemons are thought to have first grown in Assam (a region in northeast India), northern Myanmar, or China. See also: Citron § Origin and distribution Lemon external surface and cross-section The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice, derived from the citric acid, makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie. ![]() The juice of the lemon is about 5-6% citric acid, with a pH of around 2.2, giving it a sour taste. The pulp and rind are also used in cooking and baking. The tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, primarily Northeast India ( Assam), Northern Myanmar, or China.
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